PDE+Reading+Writing+Speaking+and+Listening

=Pennsylvania Department of Education Standards for Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening=

**1.1 Learning to Read Independently**

E. Expand a reading vocabulary by identifying and correctly using idioms and words with literal and figurative meanings. Use a dictionary or related reference.

G. Demonstrate after reading understanding and interpretation of both fiction and nonfiction text, including public documents.
 * Make, and support with evidence, assertions about texts.
 * Compare and contrast texts using themes, settings, characters and ideas.
 * Make extensions to related ideas, topics or information.
 * Describe the context of a document.
 * Analyze the positions, arguments and evidence in public documents.

H. Demonstrate fluency and comprehension in reading.
 * Read familiar materials aloud with accuracy.
 * Self-correct mistakes.
 * Use appropriate rhythm, flow, meter and pronunciation.
 * Read a variety of genres and types of text.
 * Demonstrate comprehension (Standard 1.1.8.G.).

**1.2. Reading Critically in All Content Areas**

A. Read and understand essential content of informational texts and documents in all academic areas.
 * Differentiate fact from opinion utilizing resources that go beyond traditional text (e.g., newspapers, magazines and periodicals) to electronic media.
 * Distinguish between essential and nonessential information across texts and going beyond texts to a variety of media; identify bias and propaganda where present.
 * Draw inferences based on a variety of information sources.
 * Evaluate text organization and content to determine the author’s purpose and effectiveness according to the author’s theses, accuracy and thoroughness.

B. Use and understand a variety of media and evaluate the quality of material produced.
 * Compare and analyze how different media offer a unique perspective on the information presented.
 * Analyze the techniques of particular media messages and their effect on a targeted audience.
 * Use, design and develop a media project that expands understanding (e.g., authors and works from a particular historical period).

C. Produce work in at least one literary genre that follows the conventions of the genre.

**1.3. Reading, Analyzing and Interpreting Literature** C. Analyze the effect of various literary devices.
 * Sound techniques (e.g., rhyme, rhythm, meter, alliteration).
 * Figurative language (e.g., personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, allusion).

D. Identify poetic forms (e.g., ballad, sonnet, couplet).

F. Read and respond to nonfiction and fiction including poetry and drama.

**1.4. Types of Writing** A. Write short stories, poems and plays.
 * Apply varying organizational methods.
 * Use relevant illustrations.
 * Utilize dialogue.
 * Apply literary conflict.
 * Include literary elements (Standard 1.3.8.B.).
 * Use literary devices

**1.5. Quality of Writing**

B. Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
 * Gather, determine validity and reliability of and organize information.
 * Employ the most effective format for purpose and audience.
 * Write paragraphs that have details and information specific to the topic and relevant to the focus.


 * D ** . Write with an understanding of the stylistic aspects of composition.
 * Use different types and lengths of sentences.
 * Use tone and voice through the use of precise language.

**1.6. Speaking and Listening**

F. Use media for learning purposes.
 * Describe how the media provides information that is sometimes accurate, sometimes biased based on a point of view or by the opinion or beliefs of the presenter.
 * Analyze the role of advertising in the media.
 * Create a multimedia (e.g., film, music, computer-graphic) presentation for display or transmission.

**1.8. Research**

B. Locate information using appropriate sources and strategies.
 * Determine valid resources for researching the topic, including primary and secondary sources.
 * Evaluate the importance and quality of the sources.
 * Select essential sources (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, other reference materials, interviews, observations, computer databases).
 * Use tables of contents, indices, key words, cross-references and appendices.
 * Use traditional and electronic search tools .